10 Tips for Preventing Heat Stress in Dogs

You know as well as anyone that the Arizona heat can be quite the feat. We don’t mean to rhyme, but hey, when the shoe fits… 

As the temperatures start rising to dangerous levels for both pets and humans, it’s important to know what to look out for this summer (and beyond) to best protect your pup. 

Heat Stress vs. Heat Stroke vs. Heat Exhaustion in Dogs

There’s quite a few words thrown around when it comes to ‘hot dogs’ and that is due to the fact that dogs are more susceptible to heat stress than humans because they cannot regulate their body temperature as efficiently.

Heat stroke, heat stress, and heat exhaustion are all related conditions that can affect dogs in hot environments. You can think of these words as a scale to define how much damage the heat has caused your dog.   

Here’s an overview:

Heat Stress: Heat stress is a general term used to describe the overall discomfort a dog experiences due to high temperatures. It is the initial stage of heat-related conditions and can progress to more severe forms if not addressed. Dogs experiencing heat stress may exhibit symptoms such as excessive panting, increased drooling, and mild discomfort. With prompt intervention and proper cooling measures, dogs with heat stress can typically recover without significant complications.

Heat Exhaustion: Heat exhaustion is a more severe stage of heat stress. It occurs when a dog’s body temperature rises to an elevated level, typically above 104° F. In addition to the symptoms of heat stress, dogs with heat exhaustion may experience weakness, lethargy, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and may appear disoriented or dizzy. It is essential to take immediate action to cool the dog down, offer water, and provide a cool environment. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke.

Heat Stroke: Heat stroke is the most severe and life-threatening form of heat-related illness in dogs. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention. Heat stroke occurs when a dog’s body temperature reaches a critical level, typically above 106° F. In addition to the symptoms of heat exhaustion, dogs with heat stroke may exhibit severe symptoms such as collapse, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of consciousness. Heat stroke can cause organ damage, blood clotting disorders, and other complications that can be fatal if not treated promptly and properly.

Causes of Heat Stress in Dogs

It’s no surprise that high temperatures are the primary cause of heat stress. Dogs are at risk when they are exposed to hot and humid weather, especially when combined with poor ventilation and limited access to shade or water. 

Imagine a summer day with the air temperature at 90° F. The ground temperature can be significantly hotter, especially on surfaces like pavement or asphalt that absorb and retain heat. Here’s an example:

Air Temperature = 90° F: This is the temperature you would feel in the surrounding air.

Ground Temperature =

• Grass or soil = 80-85° F: The ground temperature may be slightly cooler than the air, as the soil retains some moisture and provides a bit of insulation.
• Concrete or pavement = 125-135° F or higher: These surfaces can become much hotter than the air due to their ability to absorb and radiate heat.

For dogs, who primarily rely on their paw pads to dissipate heat, the ground temperature can be particularly significant. Walking on hot pavement or asphalt can cause discomfort, burns, and lead to heat stress. Dogs can feel the heat much more intensely than humans due to their closer proximity to the ground and lack of protective footwear.

It’s essential to be cautious and test the ground temperature with the back of your hand or barefoot before walking your dog. If it feels hot to the touch, it’s likely too hot for your dog to walk on comfortably. Opting for shaded or grassy areas can help minimize the risk of paw pad burns and heat stress.

Other causes of heat stress in dogs include:

• Overexertion: Engaging in intense physical activities, such as running or playing vigorously in hot weather, can increase a dog’s body temperature rapidly.
• Restrained in a hot environment: Leaving a dog in a car or a confined space without proper ventilation, even for a short period, can quickly lead to heat stress.
• Breed and physical characteristics: Certain dog breeds with short muzzles, thick coats, or underlying health conditions are more susceptible to heat stress. Examples include bulldogs, pugs, and older or overweight dogs.

How do you know if your dog is experiencing heat stress and on the verge of more serious heat damage? 

A few signs of heat stress in dogs are:

• Excessive panting and drooling
• Bright red tongue and gums
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Weakness, lethargy, or collapse
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Seizures or tremors
• Dizziness or disorientation
• Thick, sticky saliva
• Dark-colored urine
• Unresponsiveness or loss of consciousness (in severe cases)

At What Temperatures Should I Start Watching for Signs of Heat Exhaustion in Dogs?

It’s important to be mindful of heat stress in dogs even at relatively moderate temperatures. While the exact temperature threshold can vary depending on factors such as humidity, breed, age, and overall health of the dog, it’s generally recommended to start taking precautions when temperatures reach 80° F or above.

A few temperature guidelines to keep in mind:

• 80-85° F: Dogs can still be at risk of heat stress, especially if they are engaged in physical activity or if the humidity is high. It’s essential to provide shade, fresh water, and monitor their behavior for signs of overheating.
• 85-90° F : The risk of heat stress increases as temperatures rise. Dogs should have limited exposure to the heat and should be provided with ample shade, cool water, and a cooler environment indoors.
• 90° F and above: Extreme caution is required. Dogs are highly susceptible to heat stress in such conditions. Outdoor activities should be minimized, and walks should be scheduled during cooler times of the day, such as early morning or late evening. Adequate shade, water, and cool indoor environments are crucial to prevent heat-related issues.

Some dog breeds, such as brachycephalic breeds (e.g., Bulldogs, Pugs), elderly dogs, overweight dogs, and dogs with underlying health conditions, are more susceptible to heat stress. These dogs may require extra precautions and careful monitoring even at lower temperatures.

Always pay attention to your dog’s behavior, as signs of distress can appear even before the temperature reaches extreme levels. If you observe any of the above signs, take immediate steps to cool your dog down and seek veterinary assistance.

Remember, prevention is key when it comes to heat stress in dogs, so it’s better to err on the side of caution and take appropriate measures to protect your furry friend from excessive heat.

How to Prevent Heat Stress in Dogs

Living in a hot climate like Arizona requires special attention to protect dogs from heat stress. Here are our Revel Vet top ten tips for dog parents in Arizona to help keep their dogs safe:

1. Provide Ample Shade: Ensure that your dog has access to plenty of shaded areas throughout the day. This could include covered patios, shade sails, or trees. Create a comfortable spot with cool bedding (like cool towels) or a raised cot for better air circulation. Some dogs love a kiddie pool in the summer.
2. Limit Outdoor Activities: Avoid strenuous exercise or play sessions during the hottest parts of the day. Instead, schedule walks or outdoor activities in the early morning or late evening when temperatures are lower.
3. Keep Your Home Cool: Maintain a cool environment indoors by using fans or air conditioning. If you don’t have air conditioning, consider using fans strategically to improve airflow. Keep curtains or blinds closed to block out direct sunlight.
4. Provide Fresh Water: Ensure that your dog has access to cool and clean water at all times. Consider using a large, sturdy water bowl or a water dispenser to keep the water supply consistent. Monitor and refill the water regularly, as it can evaporate quickly in the heat. You can even add ice cubes to your dog’s bowl for extra fun!
5. Never Leave Your Dog in a Parked Car: Even with the windows cracked, temperatures inside a parked car can skyrocket within minutes, putting your dog at risk of heatstroke. It is always safer to leave your dog at home if you cannot take them inside with you.
6. Protect Paw Pads: Avoid walking your dog on hot pavement or asphalt, as it can cause burns and discomfort. Test the ground temperature with the back of your hand before taking your dog for a walk. Opt for shaded areas or walk your dog on grass whenever possible.
7. Consider Protective Clothing: For dogs with sensitive skin or those prone to sunburn, consider using protective clothing such as lightweight shirts or vests designed for dogs. This can help protect their skin from direct sunlight. You can also use pet-safe sunscreen on dogs with exposed skin on their ears or nose.
8. Grooming and Coat Care: Regularly groom your dog to remove excess hair and prevent matting, which can hinder proper heat dissipation. However, be cautious not to shave certain breeds that have a double coat, as the coat provides insulation and protection from the sun.
9. Watch for Signs of Heat Stress: Be vigilant for signs of heat stress in your dog, including excessive panting, drooling, weakness, vomiting, or collapse. If you notice any symptoms, move your dog to a cool area, offer water, and seek veterinary assistance immediately.
10. Consult Your Revel Veterinarian: It’s always a good idea to ask one of your Revel Vets about any breed-specific considerations or health concerns related to heat stress. They can provide specific advice based on your dog’s individual needs.

The extreme heat in Arizona can pose significant risks to dogs, but by taking these proactive measures, you can help keep your furry friend safe and comfortable during hot weather conditions.